From racefans:
'If a team has overspent on their cap by up to five percent, the cost cap adjudication panel have the ability to apply a variety of sanctions on offending teams. These include:
Fines (to be determined on ‘case-by-case’ basis)
Deduction of points from the constructors’ championship for the season in which the breach occurred
Deduction of points from the drivers’ championship for the season in which the breach occurred
Suspension from sessions during race weekends such as practice, qualifying, or sprint races but not grands prix themselves
Limits on aerodynamic testing allowances
Reduction of cost cap for the season following from a year when the sanction is applied (breaches for 2021 will result in reduced caps for 2023)
For teams that overspend by more than 5%, the cost cap adjudication panel can apply the same sanctions as above, but with the additional option of excluding teams from the championship.
All of these penalties can be suspended, meaning they will not be applied directly but if a team commits a similar breach a second time. The panel may also place offending teams under increased scrutiny and supervision for the future.'
It's very annoying that it is up to the FIA to choose, rather than there being a set procedure.
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