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That's the air box and helps force air in to the cars cylinders. It's removable and allows access to the engine, particularly the spark plugs and rocker covers. The roll hoop's compulsory but there's no air box mounted above the engine on an F3 car, it's at the left hand side.
Indy Cars during the CART era needed no air box as engine aspiration is provided by the turbo charger. In F1 they were banned from 1975 to 1989, partly because they got too big and dangerous if there was a crash and in the early 80s because of the turbo era, they were not needed.
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