Home  
Site Partners: SpotterGuides Veloce Books  
Related Sites: Your Link Here  

Go Back   TenTenths Motorsport Forum > Saloon & Sportscar Racing > Sportscar & GT Racing > North American Racing

Reply
 
Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 31 Jul 2021, 12:17 (Ref:4064131)   #1
gert
Veteran
 
gert's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2002
Belgium
Antwerp
Posts: 6,137
gert is going for a new world record!gert is going for a new world record!gert is going for a new world record!gert is going for a new world record!gert is going for a new world record!gert is going for a new world record!gert is going for a new world record!
Quote:
Originally Posted by Pandamasque View Post
Part of me, out of pure spite, wants ACO to just do a mirror response to this non-convergence. But really, logic dictates that the more IS the merrier and what IMSA is really doing is lobbying the commercial interests of individual players at the expense of the level (prestige, value etc.) of the series as a whole. IMSA chooses to keep its pond small so the overly self-conscious fish stay safe and happy. And I don't want ACO to do the same.
ACO ... Oreca, Ligier, Norma/Duqueine

Totally differently but also totally the same
gert is offline  
Quote
Old 30 Jul 2021, 17:25 (Ref:4064012)   #2
Pandamasque
Veteran
 
Pandamasque's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2011
Ukraine
Kyiv, Ukraine
Posts: 2,203
Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!
Very recent history teaches us that one these approaches gives us ALMS and the other gives us... GrandAm *sad trombone*.

The fact that such a legendary event as 24 Hours of Daytona is having to recover its international status after the latter says it all.
Pandamasque is offline  
Quote
Old 4 Aug 2021, 18:28 (Ref:4065343)   #3
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 11,379
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Well push privateer cars, or at least multiples available, another year most likely. Audi, Porsche and Lamborghini all have dibs on Multimatic chassis now, although Lamborghini has to wait a year for their toys.

https://racer.com/2021/08/04/lamborg...-manufacturer/
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 4 Aug 2021, 20:03 (Ref:4065373)   #4
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 15,762
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by broadrun96 View Post
Well push privateer cars, or at least multiples available, another year most likely. Audi, Porsche and Lamborghini all have dibs on Multimatic chassis now, although Lamborghini has to wait a year for their toys.

https://racer.com/2021/08/04/lamborg...-manufacturer/
Will the Lambo use the same engine as Porsche and Audi? Didn't see that in the article, but seems most likely.

I'm interested to see how different the bodywork will be between the 3 makes. If they all look different (and good) then I think the engine similarities can be overlooked...... by some of us.
joeb is online now  
Quote
Old 4 Aug 2021, 20:46 (Ref:4065379)   #5
WyldStallion
Veteran
 
Join Date: Sep 2020
Posts: 786
WyldStallion should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridWyldStallion should be qualifying in the top 5 on the gridWyldStallion should be qualifying in the top 5 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
Will the Lambo use the same engine as Porsche and Audi? Didn't see that in the article, but seems most likely.

I'm interested to see how different the bodywork will be between the 3 makes. If they all look different (and good) then I think the engine similarities can be overlooked...... by some of us.
Thats for sure a good looking car always overcomes many of the other flaws for me. Especially for prototypes. Hope these LMDH cars have a lot of wiggle room to customize the body style. The Corvette DP really set the standard there.
WyldStallion is offline  
Quote
Old 4 Aug 2021, 20:49 (Ref:4065380)   #6
jimclark
Veteran
 
jimclark's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2000
United States
Champion Porsche/Audi territory
Posts: 1,664
jimclark has a real shot at the podium!jimclark has a real shot at the podium!jimclark has a real shot at the podium!jimclark has a real shot at the podium!jimclark has a real shot at the podium!
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
then I think the engine similarities can be overlooked...... by some of us.
Key words those........
jimclark is offline  
__________________
"Those were the days my friends. We thought they'd never end..."

jimclark
Quote
Old 4 Aug 2021, 22:22 (Ref:4065390)   #7
canaglia
Veteran
 
Join Date: Aug 2016
Posts: 1,920
canaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the gridcanaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
Will the Lambo use the same engine as Porsche and Audi? Didn't see that in the article, but seems most likely.

I'm interested to see how different the bodywork will be between the 3 makes. If they all look different (and good) then I think the engine similarities can be overlooked...... by some of us.

I honestly don't expect big changes about bodyworks, maybe something like lights design details or a different shape of nose... but actually I mean more some kind of vanity panel than a real aero part like the panel over the nose of acura dpi.
For sure the engine will be the same for the 3 cars, afterall looking back to about 20 years ago, bentley speed8 shared same engine of R8 (2003 bently had an enlarged version tho)
canaglia is offline  
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 00:55 (Ref:4065406)   #8
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 11,379
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
Will the Lambo use the same engine as Porsche and Audi? Didn't see that in the article, but seems most likely.

I'm interested to see how different the bodywork will be between the 3 makes. If they all look different (and good) then I think the engine similarities can be overlooked...... by some of us.
They were rumored to be using the engine that's already shared in the SUVs. But I'll put money down on the same engine across the line.
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 4 Aug 2021, 19:28 (Ref:4065365)   #9
chernaudi
Veteran
 
chernaudi's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2006
United States
Mansfield, Ohio
Posts: 8,829
chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!chernaudi has a real shot at the championship!
So it seems that aside from engines and bodywork, the Multimatic chassis will basically be a VAG proprietary chassis. Which IMO is sort of doing LMH on the cheap (not building the whole car from scratch). At least this means that if there's a LMP2 customer version it should be a lot better than the car Riley was involved with.
chernaudi is online now  
__________________
Power to me is having the ability to make a change in a positive way. Don't dream it, be it.
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 13:35 (Ref:4065474)   #10
S griffin
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jul 2013
Posts: 18,447
S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!
Why would they have the same as an SUV? Really quite strange if true, unless they know something we don't
S griffin is offline  
__________________
He who dares wins!
He who hesitates is lost!
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 13:58 (Ref:4065480)   #11
crmalcolm
Subscriber
Veteran
 
crmalcolm's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2007
Nepal
Exactly where I need to be.
Posts: 12,380
crmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
Quote:
Originally Posted by S griffin View Post
Why would they have the same as an SUV?
Possibly for the same reason the engine in the Urus is the same unit in a number of VAG cars including:

Audi RS6, RS7, S8
Porsche Panamera,
Bentley Continental GT,

An engine used in an SUV can also be used in many other vehicle types with no issue if mapped properly.
crmalcolm is offline  
__________________
"When you’re just too socially awkward for real life, Ten-Tenths welcomes you with open arms. Everyone has me figured out, which makes it super easy for me."
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 14:01 (Ref:4065481)   #12
tux
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jan 2006
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Posts: 4,857
tux should be qualifying in the top 3 on the gridtux should be qualifying in the top 3 on the gridtux should be qualifying in the top 3 on the grid
Such a shame. Id have loved a Lambo V10 in a prototype. Still, hopefully it looks different at least. Variety is the spice of life and all that...
tux is offline  
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 16:22 (Ref:4065503)   #13
S griffin
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jul 2013
Posts: 18,447
S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!
Yeah I do miss that. Hopefully someone like Lambo will be back, but it’s not looking like happening soon sadly. But there’s still enough different chassis and manufacturers to keep the series healthy
S griffin is offline  
__________________
He who dares wins!
He who hesitates is lost!
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 16:32 (Ref:4065507)   #14
crmalcolm
Subscriber
Veteran
 
crmalcolm's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2007
Nepal
Exactly where I need to be.
Posts: 12,380
crmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Famecrmalcolm will be entering the Motorsport Hall of Fame
We're starting to get a lot of strong reports that Lamborghini are all but confirmed for an LMDh programme - or more accurately, they have a programme but just need a little bit of customer integration to complete the entry.

'RACER has learned the Italian supercar constructor will become IMSA’s sixth LMDh manufacturer after recently greenlighting a factory prototype program in the upcoming hybrid formula due to start in 2023. The Lamborghini Squadra Corse effort is primed to debut in 2024 and will have a heavy emphasis on customer integration.'

We are not 100 percent over the line, I can confirm that, but if I was to say we’re 90 percent of the way there, that would be pretty accurate,” Lamborghini senior motorsport manager Chris Ward told RACER. “We’ve got a couple of I’s to dot and T’s to cross with a couple of the main providers.

“That’s what has separated us from a lot of the manufacturers; historically, we don’t go factory racing in the way that you might see Porsche or others go factory racing. To get us all the way there, it’s going to take a customer effort behind it.

“But we’re in a fortunate position as a manufacturer to have the relationships and individuals among our existing and growing portfolio that could help us achieve that. So those are the elements that we’ve got to really get over the line with to make sure that it’s 100 percent
.”
crmalcolm is offline  
__________________
"When you’re just too socially awkward for real life, Ten-Tenths welcomes you with open arms. Everyone has me figured out, which makes it super easy for me."
Quote
Old 5 Aug 2021, 16:35 (Ref:4065510)   #15
S griffin
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jul 2013
Posts: 18,447
S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!S griffin is going for a new world record!
Actually thinking about I’m not surprised, this series could really help their brand. We’ll have to wait and see. Might have to wait till 2023, but that shouldn’t be a problem. Thanks for that, let’s listen out for further news. Great news for the series if true
S griffin is offline  
__________________
He who dares wins!
He who hesitates is lost!
Quote
Old 24 Aug 2021, 14:43 (Ref:4070140)   #16
canaglia
Veteran
 
Join Date: Aug 2016
Posts: 1,920
canaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the gridcanaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
http://www.dailysportscar.com/2021/0...a-and-wec.html

2023 le mans will be epic!
toyota vs peugeot vs ferrari vs audi vs porsche vs cadillac vs (hopefully) bmw
canaglia is offline  
Quote
Old 24 Aug 2021, 15:12 (Ref:4070150)   #17
J Jay
Veteran
 
J Jay's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2013
United Kingdom
Manchester
Posts: 6,170
J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!J Jay is going for a new world record!
Something tells me this would have been announced right after Le Mans, if not for a certain Ferrari...

Really pleased in particular to see WEC confirmed, and for AXR to be involved.
J Jay is offline  
__________________
BoP is democracy for racing.
Quote
Old 24 Aug 2021, 15:47 (Ref:4070159)   #18
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 15,762
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Makes me wonder if they had already come up with this render months ago, or if they were "inspired" by the Peugeot?
joeb is online now  
Quote
Old 24 Aug 2021, 17:26 (Ref:4070173)   #19
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 11,379
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
As said over on the other thread, it feels like they were ready but wanted their own spotlight. And what Cadillac wants to put in the back of the car, ECR has been let go as supplier and they didn't announce what they'll use. Odds on it being turbo'd and related, at least in marketing terms, to a street product?
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 25 Aug 2021, 10:45 (Ref:4070297)   #20
seanyb505
Veteran
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
United States
Simpsonville, SC
Posts: 1,873
seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!seanyb505 is going for a new world record!
Am I dumb or aren't lmdh to be based on p2 chassis? Me thinks that whole no wing is not going to make it to the Cadillac dallara. If anything I'm expecting a facelifted current caddy. With maybe a blackwing tie in? But I think that ship may have sailed by the time a motorsport program could fully leverage that engine.
seanyb505 is offline  
Quote
Old 25 Aug 2021, 12:57 (Ref:4070317)   #21
joeb
Race Official
Veteran
 
joeb's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
United States
Baton Rouge, LA
Posts: 15,762
joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!joeb is the undisputed Champion of the World!
Quote:
Originally Posted by seanyb505 View Post
Am I dumb or aren't lmdh to be based on p2 chassis? Me thinks that whole no wing is not going to make it to the Cadillac dallara. If anything I'm expecting a facelifted current caddy. With maybe a blackwing tie in? But I think that ship may have sailed by the time a motorsport program could fully leverage that engine.
I have been questioning this the whole time. We (fans) don't know what the next set of P2 regs are, but somehow Porsche will be testing their car this winter that is based on said P2 car? Perhaps it is easy enough for the 4 chassis suppliers to learn some basic info from the ACO and then just make the tubs to the correct dimensions. I don't know if the LMdH are supposed to run the P2 spec suspensions and electronics, or if that is free for the manufacturers to decide.

But it appears what we wont see is something like the current Acura, where they take an Oreca and just throw an additional piece of carbon fiber on the front. Sounds like the manufacturers will have to come up with all of the bodywork for their designs.
joeb is online now  
Quote
Old 25 Aug 2021, 13:12 (Ref:4070324)   #22
Pandamasque
Veteran
 
Pandamasque's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2011
Ukraine
Kyiv, Ukraine
Posts: 2,203
Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!Pandamasque has a real shot at the podium!
Quote:
Originally Posted by joeb View Post
I have been questioning this the whole time. We (fans) don't know what the next set of P2 regs are, but somehow Porsche will be testing their car this winter that is based on said P2 car? Perhaps it is easy enough for the 4 chassis suppliers to learn some basic info from the ACO and then just make the tubs to the correct dimensions. I don't know if the LMdH are supposed to run the P2 spec suspensions and electronics, or if that is free for the manufacturers to decide.

But it appears what we wont see is something like the current Acura, where they take an Oreca and just throw an additional piece of carbon fiber on the front. Sounds like the manufacturers will have to come up with all of the bodywork for their designs.
I'm starting to fear that 2023 LMDh tubs and 2024 LMP2 tubs are actually 2017 LMP2 tubs with a fresh homologation sticker.

Quote:
Originally Posted by canaglia View Post
next gen lmp2 will be designed in 4:1 like LMH
I'm yet to see anything from a reliable source, let alone official, to confirm this. If you have links please share.
Pandamasque is offline  
Quote
Old 25 Aug 2021, 15:04 (Ref:4070343)   #23
canaglia
Veteran
 
Join Date: Aug 2016
Posts: 1,920
canaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the gridcanaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
Quote:
Originally Posted by Pandamasque View Post
I'm starting to fear that 2023 LMDh tubs and 2024 LMP2 tubs are actually 2017 LMP2 tubs with a fresh homologation sticker.


I'm yet to see anything from a reliable source, let alone official, to confirm this. If you have links please share.

it's impossible because lmdh will have same size of LMH, so a different wheelbase requires a different tub. As consequence lmp2 tubs will be different.
For the rest, there is google.
Some time ago max angelelli now working for dallara told in an interview that new lmp2 tubs will be really different from the actual ones and everything will be made starting from zero.
Of course none else has the same know how of oreca, maybe only multimatic is the one that gets closer, so I think that also for lmp2 next gen oreca will have the upper hand and most share of business.
canaglia is offline  
Quote
Old 25 Aug 2021, 12:14 (Ref:4070306)   #24
broadrun96
Veteran
 
broadrun96's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
United States
Posts: 11,379
broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!broadrun96 is the undisputed Champion of the World!
They have not yet spec'd the P2 chassis on which the LMDh will be built. It appears they are building the LMDh chassis and then removing what is needed, likely less power and some suspension "downgrade" (for lack of a better term).

That said, chances of no rear wing seem low but everyone who thinks that render is anywhere near the final product raise their hand, I have a great deal on a bridge for you
broadrun96 is online now  
Quote
Old 25 Aug 2021, 13:10 (Ref:4070322)   #25
canaglia
Veteran
 
Join Date: Aug 2016
Posts: 1,920
canaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the gridcanaglia should be qualifying in the top 10 on the grid
next gen lmp2 will be designed in 4:1 like LMH, according to this manufacturers should have more freedom but considering lmp2 are made to be sold to private teams I think next-gen lmp2 will be as less complex as possible aero/chassis wise.
It's up to lmdh manufacturers to change and update the package starting from the lmp2 chassis, but I don't think we will see radical designs from the basic package... to make it simple, a peugeot-like car it's extremely unlikely for a lmdh.
Anyway considering porsche and audi started working with multimatic since early 2020 and according to some rumors WV bought exclusives rights for that chassis, I think porsche/audi multimatic lmdh could be a more "customized" car than bmw and cadillac which it seems are still on early development stage.
canaglia is offline  
Quote
Reply


Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
IMSA DPi Discussion Madkart North American Racing 3443 11 Jul 2019 04:42
Appreciation of DPi/LMP2 vs. GTE vs. GT3 class victories August Sportscar & GT Racing 9 23 Mar 2017 00:19
IMSA IMSA ESM NISSAN DPi Rendering xjr14 North American Racing 24 26 Jan 2017 00:16
IMSA DPi/P2 vs WEC LMP1-L Danathar Sportscar & GT Racing 7 5 Nov 2015 17:55


All times are GMT. The time now is 16:16.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions Inc.
Original Website Copyright © 1998-2003 Craig Antil. All Rights Reserved.
Ten-Tenths Motorsport Forums Copyright © 2004-2021 Royalridge Computing. All Rights Reserved.
Ten-Tenths Motorsport Forums Copyright © 2021-2022 Grant MacDonald. All Rights Reserved.